PCIe - TLP Header, Packet Formats, Address Translation, Config Space, Command Register, Configuration types

TLP Packet Format:
FIG: TLP Packet Format.
  • The Transaction Layer Packet Format is defined as:
    • Starts with a Prefix, which is an optional one and,
    • TLP Header and then,
    • With/Without Data Payload,
    • At the end of TLP Packet a TLP Digest,
    • The information in TLP Packet Format is distributed as:
      • TLP Prefixes.
      • Header (mandatory).
      • Data (included when applicable): depends on the transaction type.
      • TLP Digest (optional).
FIG: TLP Byte Information
TLP Header:
  • Provides Format of the packet.
  • Type of the packet.
  • Length of associated data, if available.
  • Transaction Descriptor.
  • Address/Routing information
  • Byte enables
  • Message encoding
  • Completion Status
FIG: Common TLP Header.
  • 32-bit if information.
  • Provides: Format, TLP Packet Type, Traffic Class info, Attributes, T Heads (Presence of TLP Prefix, if present), TLP Digest, End Point (TLP is Normal or Poisoned), Address Translation (When memory is available). Length (Data Length notation denoted in 32bit words)
  • Fmt and Type define the Length of a Packet.
Packet format & Type Encoding:

TLP Type
Format 
Type 
Description 
 MR
000 / 001
0 0000
Memory Read Request 
MRL 
000 / 001
0 0001
Memory Read Request Locked 
MW 
010 
0 0000 
Memory Write Request
IOR 
000 
0 0010 
I / O Read Request 
IOW
010 
0 0010 
I / O Write Request
CR0
000 
0 0100 
Configuration Read Type 0 
 CW0
010 
0 0100 
Configuration Write Type 0
CR1
000 
0 0101 
Configuration Read Type 1 
 CW1
010 
0 0101 
Configuration Write Type 1 
 Msg
001 
1 0 r2 r1 r0 
Message Request 
 MsgD
011 
1 0 r2 r1 r0 
Message Request with Data 

Some additional Transaction types are as follows:-
TLP Type
Format
Type
Description 
Cpl 
000
0 1010 
Completion without data (0 Bytes)
CplD 
010 
0 1010 
Completion with data (data will be present in TLP)
CplLk 
000 
0 1011 
Completion for Locked Memory read without data 
 CplDLk
010 
0 1011 
Completion for Locked Memory Read 
 FetchAdd
010 / 011 
0 1100 
Fetch and Add atomic Operation Request 
 Swap
010 / 011 
0 1101  
Unconditional Swap Atomic Operation Request 
CAS (Compare and Swap) 
010 / 011 
0 1110 
Compare and swap Atomic Operation 
 LPrfx
100 
0 L3 L2 L1 L0 
Local TLP Prefix 
 EPrfx
100 
1 E3 E2 E1 E0 
End-End TLP Prefix 

TLP Length Encoding:

 Length [9:0]
TLP Data Payload Size 
00 0000 0001 
1 DW 
00 0000 0010 
2 DW 
...................... 

11 1111 1111 
1023 DW 
00 0000 0000 
1024 DW 
  • DW: D Words.
  • All 1s: 1023 D Words.
  • All 0s: 1024 D Words are present in the packet.
  • Suppose there are 1024 D Words of data, then the Root Complex will divide the data into smaller packets and send them to the EndPoints. If there is a Switch present in between, then the data is forwarded as it is without splitting it into the packets or without any change.
Address Formats:
FIG: 64-bit Address Routing
FIG: 32-bit Address Routing
Address Translation:

 AT Coding
 Description
 00
Default / Untranslated
01
Translation Request
10
Translated
11
Reserved
Routing:
FIG: ID Routing with 4 DW Header
FIG: ID Routing with 3 DW Header
  • Data uses Routing information like, Bus Number; Device Number, Function Number, etc to reach a particular endpoint.
  • The Routing type (3 or 4 D Words of Header) depends on the need of TLP digest.
  • The Switch checks for Bus Number and Device Number and it forwards the packet to that particular endpoint accordingly in order to perform the Routing during the Run-Time.
PCIe Configuration Space:
FIG: Configuration Space.
  • 4KB of Space.
  • Starts from 0 to fff.
  • 0 to 255 (256B) of PCIe Config Space.
  • from 100 to fff of Extended PCIe Configuration Space.
  • While defining legacy PCI compatible mode and O.S., this kind of (0-fff) space is not available.
  • 0-3f is PCIe Compatibility Configuration Space.
  • PCIe Capability Structure determines if Entended Configuration space for PCI is present or not.
  • 0-ff PCI Configuration Space is analogous to PCIe-PCI and it has different kinds of information.
  • Configuration Space can be either of Type-0 or Type-1.
FIG: Type 0 / 1 Configuration Space
  • Type 0: Used for Endpoints.
  • Type 1: Used for Switches and Root Complex.
  • Common information provided for both type 0/1 is shown above.
  • Identification Registers:
    • Device ID:
      • Device unique identification value.
    • Vendor ID:
      • Vendor unique identification value.
PCIe ConfigSpace Command Register:

 Bit
Register 
Description 
2
Bus Master Enable 
Controls the PCIe Endpoint to issue memory / IO request 
3
Special Cycle Enable
Not applicable to PCIe 
4
Memory Write and Invalidate
N/A to PCIe 
5
VGA Palette Snoop 
N/A to PCIe 
Parity Error Response 
Logging of Master Data Parity error 
IDSEL 
N/A to PCIe 
SERR# (S error) Enable 
Enables reporting of non-fatal & fatal error 
Fast back-to-back transaction enable  
N/A to PCIe 
10 
Interrupt Disable 
Controls the ability of PCIe function generate interrupts to Root Complex

Status Register:

Bit 
Register 
Description 
 3
Interrupt Status
Set indicates INTx emulation interrupt is pending or if it has been processed by the CPU or Root Complex
 4
Capabilities List
Indicates presence of Extended PCIe capability list
 5
66MHz
N/A to PCIe
 7
Fast back-to-back enable
N/A to PCIe
 8
Master Data Parity Error
Set by endpoint if parity error response bit in Command Register received by the endpoint
 10:9
DEVSEL (Device Select) timing
N/A to PCIe
 11
Signaled Target Abort
Set when a function completes as a Completor Abort Error
 12
Received Target Abort
Set when function receives completion with abort
 13
Received Master Abort
Set when requester receives a completion with unsupported request completion status
 14
Signaled System Error
Set when the function sends a fatal or non-fatal error message
 15
Detected Parity Error
Set when function receives poisoned TLPs
Registers:
  • Cache Line Register
  • Latency Timer Register
  • Interrupt Line Register
  • Interrupt Pin Register
  • Error Register
PCI Type-0 Configuration Space:
FIG: Type 0 PCI Configuration Space
  • BAR (Base Address Registers) space is used to map the internal functions or internal memory requests into the corresponding system memory.
  • To summarize, Base Address Registers or BAR (offset 10h - 24h)
    • Resources are mapped into memory space using BAR registers.
    • Supports 64bit addressing for any BAR request prefetchable memory.
    • Minimum memory space range requested is 128 Bytes. Whenever we are Writing into that BAR Register and Read Back the information, whatever size it supports will be set to 1 and others to 0. With this, we can come to a conclusion of BAR base address 0 and if it needs to be allocated or not (BAR = 0 implies Not in Use).
  • Minimum Grant / Maximum Latency Registers (offset 3Eh / 3Fh)
    • N/A to PCIe, Hardwired to 00h.
PCI Type-1 Configuration Space:
FIG: Type 1 PCI Configuration Space
  • Registers:
    • Base Address Register (offset 10h / 14h)
    • Primary Bus Number (Root Complex - 0)
    • Secondary Bus Number (Enumerated during the runtime)
    • Secondary Latency Timer (N/A for PCIe)
    • Secondary Status Register (similar to Common Status Register)
    • Prefetchable Memory Base / Limit 
    • Bridge Control Register (used for bridging PCIe to PCI)

*To know more about PCI and PCI Express in detail, you can refer the documentation of Intel's user guide.

Comments

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  2. why TLP header format is starts from Byte 0 to byte N any particular reason

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